© Tomoko Satoh

Ikushinakita, Shari, Shari District, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan

Latitude: 43° 55' 5'' N

Longitude: 144° 42' 3'' E

29 April 2014 1218 (Local Time)
Camera direction: towards N

Image P/S code: P.13.7

Image I.D.: 4662

• Images & related info Other Images Images of 1987 edition
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  Superior mirage of sea ice

  A mirage is an optical phenomenon consisting mainly of images of distant objects. These may be steady or wavering, single or multiple, upright or inverted, vertically enlarged or reduced. They result from the curving of light rays passing through layers of air with changing refractive index because of differences in temperature and therefore in density. Thus, they are observed when the temperature of the Earth's surface differs greatly from the temperature of the air above.

  A mirage may occur as a lower mirage (inferior mirage) over intensely heated water surfaces, soils, beaches, roads, etc., or as an upper mirage (superior mirage) over cold surfaces such as snowfields, cold water and ice.

  This picture shows an upper mirage, or superior mirage, of sea ice over a cold ocean surface. Warmer, less dense air overlies cold dense air at the sea surface. The terms “upper” and “superior” are applied to the name because in this type of mirage, light from an object is bent downwards towards the observer, making objects appear higher than their true positions.

  Links in the image description will highlight features on the image. Mouse over the features for more detail.

  © Tomoko Satoh
  Ikushinakita, Shari, Shari District, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan
  Latitude: 43° 55' 5'' N
  Longitude: 144° 42' 3'' E
  29 April 2014 1218 (Local Time)
  
  
  Camera direction: towards N
  Image P/S code: P.13.7
  Image I.D.: 4662
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  Superior mirage of distant clouds

  This photograph from San Francisco, California, USA shows a superior mirage of distant clouds on the horizon over the Pacific Ocean.

  Mirages are caused by the curving of light rays through layers of air of differing temperature, density and, therefore, refractive index. A superior mirage is one where the mirage image appears higher than the true position of the object. 

  Mirages may be seen when the temperature of the Earth's surface differs greatly from the temperature of the air above. In this case, there is a layer of warmer air above colder air at the ocean’s surface.

  Links in the image description will highlight features on the image. Mouse over the features for more detail.

  © Mila Zinkova
  San Francisco, California, United States of America
  Latitude: 37° 45' 17'' N
  Longitude: 122° 30' 38'' W
  14 November 2012 1700 (Local Time)
  
  
  Camera direction: towards WSW
  Image P/S code: S.13.7.2
  Image I.D.: 4659
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  Superior mirage of city lights

  Mirages occur due to the curving of light rays through layers of air with changing refractive index because of differences in temperature and therefore in density. They may be observed when the temperature of the Earth's surface differs greatly from the temperature of the air above.

  This night-time view from Japan shows a superior mirage of the city lights of Abashiri. Warmer air lies above the cold surface air (–13 °C), creating a temperature inversion. Light rays from the city passing through the temperature inversion are bent down so that, to the observer, the image of the distant lights appears higher than their true position.

  Links in the image description will highlight features on the image. Mouse over the features for more detail.

  © Tomoko Satoh
  Ikushinakita, Shari, Shari District, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan
  Latitude: 43° 55' 5'' N
  Longitude: 144° 42' 3'' E
  09 January 2016 2216 (Local Time)
  
  
  Camera direction: towards WNW
  Image P/S code: S.13.7.2
  Image I.D.: 4663
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  Superior mirage of distant clouds

  This photograph from San Francisco, California, USA shows a superior (upper) mirage of distant clouds on the horizon over the Pacific Ocean.

  Mirages are due to the curving of light rays through layers of air of differing temperature, density and, therefore, refractive index. In this case, there was a layer of warmer air overlying colder air at the ocean surface. A superior mirage is one where the mirage image appears higher than the true position of the object.

  Links in the image description will highlight features on the image. Mouse over the features for more detail.

  © Mila Zinkova
  San Francisco, California, United States of America
  Latitude: 37° 46' 27'' N
  Longitude: 122° 30' 46'' W
  04 October 2014 1825 (Local Time)
  
  
  Image P/S code: S.13.7.2
  Image I.D.: 5799